No, the Canon PowerShot V10 is not compatible with the Sony SF-G Tough 128GB.
Canon PowerShot V10 has a microSD-only card slot. Its own compatible-cards manual page confirms only microSD/microSDHC/microSDXC card compatibility -- a full-size SD card is physically larger than a microSD card and does not fit this slot (the reverse of the more common microSD-via-adapter case: here there is no adapter that shrinks a full-size card down to fit).
What works instead
See all compatible camera for the Canon PowerShot V10 →“microSD / microSDHC / microSDXC memory cards SD speed class compatible UHS speed class compatible UHS-I compatible”
Last verified:
Compatibility inferred from spec rule (citations above are manufacturer-verified)